Open access (OA) publishing has created new academic and economic niches in contemporary science. OA journals offer numerous publication outlets with varying editorial philosophies and business models. This article analyzes the Directory of Open Access Journals (DOAJ) ( n = 12. 127) to identify characteristics of OA academic journals related to the adoption of article processing charg... https://www.freaknleather.com/product-category/weld-cleaning-machine/