Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are a highly heterogeneous population of membranous particles that are secreted by almost all types of cells across different domains of life. including plants. In recent years. studies on plant-derived nanovesicles (PDNVs) showed that they could modulate metabolic reactions of the recipient cells. https://parisnaturalfoodes.shop/product-category/horny-goat-weed/