Addiction is a multifactorial biological and behavioral disorder that is studied using animal models. based on simple behavioral responses in isolated individuals. A couple of decades ago it was shown that Drosophila melanogaster can serve as a model organism for behaviors related to alcohol. nicotine and copyright (COC) addiction. https://www.roneverhart.com/2003-2005-HONDA-ACCORD-2-4L-4-Cylinder-Engine-Upper-Intake-Manifold-OEM/